Environmental hazards of sea-dumped chemical weapons.

[Chemical treatment and decomposition technique of the chemical warfare agents containing arsenicals].

The old Japanese army developed several chemical warfare agents on Ohkuno Island in Seto inland sea, Hiroshima Japan, during the period between 1919 and 1944. These chemical agents including yperite (mustard; irritating agent), lewisite (irritating agent), diphenylchloroarsine (DA; vomiting agent), diphenylcyanoarsine (DC; vomiting agent) and other poisonous gases were manufactured to be used i...

Risk Assessment of Sea Dumped Conventional Munitions

Huge amount of ammunition, both conventional and chemical weapons, have been dumped in the oceans of the world during the last century. In particular, large amounts of ammunitions were dumped in the sea after the Second World War. It has been estimated that between 750000 and 1.5 million metric tons of conventional ammunition was dumped along the German North Sea cost [1] . In Norway, an estima...

GIS for planning, navigation acquisition and visualization of results for the study of chemical munition dumpsites in the Baltic Sea

The MERCW project focuses on the study of chemical munition dumpsites in the Baltic Sea. To analyse the ecological risks related to sea-dumped weapons, data and analyses generated by a variety of disciplines need to be integrated. The most suitable solution to store, visualize and analyse the data, which is spatial by its nature, is to use the functionality of a geographic information system (G...

Hazards of chemical weapons release during war: new perspectives.

The two major threat classes of chemical weapons are mustard gas and the nerve agents, and this has not changed in over 50 years. Both types are commonly called gases, but they are actually liquids that are not remarkably volatile. These agents were designed specifically to harm people by any route of exposure and to be effective at low doses. Mustard gas was used in World War I, and the nerve ...

Report on Chemical Munitions Dumped in the Baltic Sea